Philippine Provinces During the Mid-19th Century
 
Region Province Modern Name Prevailing Dialect Population
Luzon Abra   Ilocano
34,337
Albay   Bicol
330,121
Bataan   Tagalog, Pampangan
44,794
Batangas   Tagalog
280,100
Bulacan   Tagalog
240,341
Cagayan   Ibanag, Itanes, Idayan, Gaddan, Ilocano, Dadaya, Apayao, Malaneg
64,437
Camarines Norte   Tagalog, Bicol
26,372
Camarines Sur   Bicol
81,047
Cavite   Spanish, Tagalog
109,501
Ilocos Norte   Ilocano, Tinguian
134,767
Ilocos Sur   Ilocano
105,251
Infanta   Tagalog
7,813
Isabela   Ibanag, Gaddan, Tagalog
29,200
Laguna   Tagalog, Spanish
121,251
Lepanto   Igorot, Ilocano
8,851
Manila (Tondo)   Tagalog, Spanish, Chinese
323,683
Morong   Tagalog
44,239
Nueva Ecija   Tagalog, Pangasinan, Pampangan, Ilocano
84,520
Nueva Viscaya   Gaddan, Ifugao, Ibilao, Ilongote
32,961
Pampanga   Pampangan, Ilocano
193,423
Pangasinan   Pangasinan, Ilocano
263,472
Porac   Pampangan
6,950
Princepe   Tagalog, Ilocano, Ilongote
3,609
Saltan   Gaddan
6,640
Tayabas   Tagalog, Bicol
93,918
Tiagan   Igorot
5,723
Union   Ilocano
88,024
Zambales   Zambal, Ilocano, Aeta, Pampangan, Tagalog, Pangasinan
72,936
Visayas Antique (Panay)   Hiligaynon
88,874
Bohol Bohol Cebuano, Bisayan
187,327
Burias   Bicol
1,786
Capiz (Panay)   Ilongo
206,288
Cebu   Cebuano, Bisayan
318,715
Iloilo (Panay)   Ilongo
565,500
Leyte   Waray, Cebuano
170,591
Masbate, Ticao   Hiligaynon
12,457
Mindoro    
23,050
Negros    Ilongo
144,923
Romblon   Hiligaynon
21,579
Samar   Waray
146,539
Mindanao Cotabato   Bisayan, Manobo
1,103
Davao   Bisayan, Manobo
1,537
Misamis   Bisayan
63,639
Surigao   Surigao, Bisayan
24,104
Zamboanga   Chabacano, Bisayan
9,608
Distant Islands Batanes   Ibanag
8,381
Calamianes   Coyuvo, Agutaino, Calamiano
17,703
Marianas   Chamorro, Carolino
5,940
TOTAL POPULATION
 4,857,925
Source:  Robles, Eliodoro G., The Philippines in the Nineteenth Century, Malaya Books, Quezon City, Philippines, 1969.